Phaseolus (Bean)
Phaseolus (bean, wild bean) is a genus of herbaceous to woody annual and perennial vines in the family Fabaceae containing about 70 plant species, all native to the Americas, primarily Mesoamerica. It is one of the most economically important legume genera. Five of the species have been domesticated since pre-Columbian times for their beans: P. acutifolius (tepary bean), P. coccineus (runner bean), P. dumosus (year bean), P. lunatus (lima bean), and P. vulgaris (common bean). Most prominent among these is the common bean, P. vulgaris, which today is cultivated worldwide in tropical, semitropical, and temperate climates.
NCBI taxonomy ID: 3883
Tools and resources for the genus as a whole
- PhaseolusMine
- InterMine interface for accessing genetic and genomic data for several Phaseolus species.
- ZZBrowse
- Association viewers (QTL, GWAS)
- Genome Context Viewer
- Browser for dynamically discovering and viewing genomic synteny across selected species.
- GCVit
- Genome-wide views of genetic variants (SNPs) between bean accessions
- Germplasm GIS
- Geographic information system viewer, showing collection locations for Phaseolus data held by the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System.
Tools and resources for particular species
Phaseolus lunatus: lima bean
The lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), initially from South and Central America, is an herbaceous plant that is a part of the legume family (Fabaceae). It is commonly known as the lima bean, butter bean, sieva bean, double bean or Madagascar bean, is a legume grown for its edible seeds or beans. The two gene pools, meso and south American, of cultivated lima beans is believed to point to independent domestication events. The Mesoamerican lima bean is distributed in neotropical lowlands while the other is found in the western Andes.
NCBI taxonomy ID: 3884
Phaseolus lunatus accessions
G27455 (Colombia)
G27455 was selected from MI population, which is the most widespread among domesticated gene pools. Domesticated accessions have low heterozygosity, which reduces the complexity of genome assembly. G27455 is cultivated in the north of Colombia, where temperatures are very high all year, suggesting it may be a good source of candidate genes for resistance to heat and drought stress.
B2C (Delaware, USA)
A germplasm release designated B2C (PI 549515), made jointly by USDA-ARS and the Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station in 1976, had resistance to downy mildew races A, B, C, and D. B2C arose from crosses of PI 195342, ‘Bridgeton’ and US 1068, a sibling of ‘Bridgeton’ (Thomas and Fisher, 1980).
No resources are currently listed for accession B2C.
G25393 (Costa Rica)
G25393 is a lima bean landrace originating in Costa Rica.
No resources are currently listed for accession G25393.
UC92 (California, USA)
UC 92 is a large lima bean with bush growth habit, medium days to maturity, resistance to root-knot nematode, and poor tolerance to Lygus.
No resources are currently listed for accession UC92.
UC_Haskell (CIAT, Columbia)
UC Haskell is a F10 progeny from 2000 UCD greenhouse cross #53 of the variety UC Cariblanco N with introduction “P&T 4255” from the international P.Lunatus germplasm blank at CIAT, Columbia. The UC Davis Grain Legume program is the owner and Steve Temple is the breeder. UC Haskell has a spreading, indeterminate vine growth habit, dark green foliage without pigmentation, white flowers, a concentrated “crown” set plus significant podset on the lateral branches, which are prostrate and twining. The plant toot system is extensive and highly-branched and pulls moisture down to several feet in most soil profiles. The name UC Haskell is in honor of a respected baby lima industry colleague killed in a 2008 auto accident.)
No resources are currently listed for accession UC_Haskell.
Phaseolus vulgaris: common bean
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was likely domesticated independently both in Central America and in the Andes, from distinct wild gene pools that exist in the two regions. Beans were also carried into North America and were grown by Native Americans there for many centuries. They were carried to Europe by early explorers of the New World, and have undergone about 500 years of additional domestication and selection in Europe. The species has great agricultural variety, and is of critical importance as a high-protein food across the world.
NCBI taxonomy ID: 3885
Phaseolus vulgaris accessions
G19833 (Peru)
Andean landrace G19833 was selected for genome sequencing partly due to its resistance to numerous diseases, including bean rust (Uromyces appendiculatus), as well as anthracnose, angular leaf spot, Aschochyta blight, and the bean golden mosaic and bean common mosaic viruses (Hurtado-Gonzales et al., 2017; https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub/1664/). This accession has also been used to generate populations for mapping traits such as phosphorous acquisition and agronomic performance.
UI111 (US National Plant Germplasm System)
Bean variety UI111 is a Mesomarican line that has been used in numerous breeding projects and trait-mapping studies.It is a pinto-type bean, with indeterminate climbing habit.
LaborOvalle (Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (ICTA))
Guatemalan highlands landrace improved by selection; round-seeded Bolonilio market class bean.
OACRex (Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario.)
OAC Rex is a white-seeded, high-yielding cultivar intended for production in Canada, and is the first common bean cultivar resistant to common bacterial blight.
5-593 (US National Plant Germplasm System)
5-593 has been used by Dr. Mark Bassett at the University of Florida as the recipient parent to introgress many genes for seed coat color and pattern, flower color, and other morphological traits typically to the backcross three generation.
BAT93 (CIAT, Colombia)
Common bean genotype BAT 93, a representative of the Mesoamerican gene pool, was bred for high productivity in tropical conditions at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Colombia (Voysest, 1983, 2000). It was selected from a double cross population developed between landraces. BAT 93 was selected for mutagenesis (Table 1) because it is one of the parents of the core common bean mapping population (Freyre et al., 1998), it has been used in the generation of a large BAC library (Kami et al., 2006), and it is amenable for production in temperate and tropical environments and under growth chamber, greenhouse, or field conditions (Blair et al., 2005). BAT 93 also possesses several desirable characteristics (Table 1), including disease resistance (Sanchez-Valdez et al., 2004). Seed of BAT 93 were carefully generated for the experiment from single plant selections and confirmed for homogeneity using simple sequence repeat marker analysis at CIAT.
No resources are currently listed for accession BAT93.
Flavert (France)
Flavert is a flageolet bean originating in France.
No resources are currently listed for accession Flavert.
Hystyle (USA)
The common bean variety Hystyle has a combination of consistently high yield and the highest level of Bacterial Brown Spot resistance of any commercial variety, which has made it the most used processing bean in the US.
No resources are currently listed for accession Hystyle.
Phaseolus acutifolius: tepary bean
The tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius), native to the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico, has been cultivated by indigenous groups in that region since pre-Columbian times. It is generally more drought-tolerant than common bean
NCBI taxonomy ID: 33129
Phaseolus acutifolius accessions
Frijol_Bayo (Veracruz, Mexico)
[Description by Dr. Phil McClean] The cultivated landrace, Frijol Bayo, was collected in a market in Cordoba, Veracruz, Mexico in 1951 by Howard Scott Gentry. Frijol Bayo is white-seeded, photoperiod insensitive with indeterminate growth habit, and has a hundred seed weight of 12.3 g. It exhibits broad adaptation and is drought (Beebe et al., 2011) and heat (Rodriguez, 2018) tolerant. With respect to biotic stress, it is resistant to common bacterial blight (Rodriguez, 2018), Uromyces appendiculatus, and two leaf hoppers, Empoasca krameri and Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Porch, T., unpublished data). DNA for the Frijol Bayo genome assembly was isolated from leaves from single seed descent; seeds for Frijol Bayo are available from USDA GRIN (G40001-Seq; PI 692269)
W6_15578 (Mexico)
[Description by Dr. Kirstin Bett] W6 15578 is a wild P. acutifolius accession obtained from the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station of the USDA. Originally collected by O.W. Norvell in Mexico in 1955, it now has the Plant Introduction number PI 638833. It is photoperiod sensitive, has an indeterminate growth habit, small, mottled seeds, and the pods shatter at maturity. It was used as a donor parent in the development of an interspecific hybrid population to improve abiotic stress tolerance in common bean (Souter et al. 2017(1)). W6 15578 was one of the parents, along with PI 430219, of the tepary bean mapping population, BR-06, developed and genotyped at the University of Saskatchewan (Gujaria-Verma et al. 2016(2)).
Tep23 (Sonoran Desert)
TARS-Tep 23 (Reg. no. GP-309, PI 698457) is an improved tepary bean germplasm with wide-ranging adaptation to tropical and temperate regions experiencing high temperature and drought stress conditions, with broad resistance to bean rust and with resistance to common bacterial blight. It has a flat, mottled black seed type with good seed size, a Type III plant habit, and a short crop cycle of 55–61 d in the environments tested. This germplasm was developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS, Zamorano University, the University of California–Davis, and the University of Nebraska. The use of this improved germplasm by farmers in production zones affected by abiotic and biotic stresses, or by breeding programs, can potentially increase seed yields of this climate-resilient crop.
No resources are currently listed for accession Tep23.
Phaseolus coccineus: scarlet runner bean
Phaseolus coccineus originated in Central American mountain regions and was probably cultivated around 2000 BCE. Used as both a food crop (seeds and pods) and as an ornamental with typically red flowers. As opposed to the congeneric P. vulgaris, P. coccineus is a perennial vine with tuberous roots.
NCBI taxonomy ID: 3886
Phaseolus coccineus accessions
PHA8298 (Europe)
A European line Pc_12 was selected for genome sequencing and annotation in the context of the BEANADAPT project, designed to investigate the genetic basis and phenotypic consequences of the adaptation to new environments of the common bean and its sister species, the runner bean, through the study of their introduction and expansion through Europe, as a recent and historically well-defined event of rapid adaptation.